Hydrography
The Sar Mountain area is characterized by more than 100 springs and 20 river basins, including their main watercourses and tributaries, as well as many glacial lakes. The main river basins are the basins of the Dufska, Vrutnička, Jelovjanska, Kamenjska, Uliverička and the Pena River, and they all flow into the Vardar River. Larger glacial lakes are Bozovačko, White Lake, Bogovinjsko, Karanikolicko, Krivoshiško and Black Lake. Most of the rivers descend steeply, and some of them (Belovishka, Vratnichka, Krivoshijska, Leshnička and Bogovinjska) form impressive waterfalls.
Already in the period of the seventies, the rivers of the Sar Mountain were used for the production of electricity through the water collection system called "Waters of Sara". This system collects water from a large number of rivers and transports it to the Mavrovo reservoir and to the Vrutok, Raven and Vrben hydropower plants. This infrastructure provides about 12% of the electricity in RN Macedonia and in the event of a complete power outage, it can be produced based only on the flow of water.
